The Greek historian Polybius and the Roman historian Livy are the two primary sources for his life. Hasdrubal was given 6,000–7,000 cavalry, and Hanno had 3,000–4,000 Numidians on the right. The film's music was composed by Carlo Rustichelli. [40] Gregory Daly is inclined to the view that Libyan infantry would have copied the Iberian use of the sword during their fighting there and so were armed similarly to the Romans. [18] He lacked the powerful descendants that Paullus had, descendants who were willing and able to protect his reputation—most notably, Paullus was the grandfather of Scipio Aemilianus, the patron of Polybius (one of the main sources of this history). This he knew meant renewed war with Rome (the Second Punic War). [102] Polybius portrays the battle as the ultimate nadir of Roman fortunes, functioning as a literary device such that the subsequent Roman recovery is more dramatic. He went as far as to cross the Alps in 218 BCE, despite losing most of his 37 elephants and nearly half of his 40,000 men, in order to launch a surprise attack against the Romans from the north, where they'd least expect it. But the They massed their heavy infantry in a deeper formation than usual, while Hannibal used the double envelopment tactic and surrounded his enemy, trapping the majority of the Roman army, who were then slaughtered. The DVD contains no subtitles. [103] Livy portrays the Senate in the role of hero and hence assigns blame for the Roman defeat to the low-born Varro. Chris Allen notes with gentle irony: “In the absence of a radar scan of Hannibal’s Mire, the parasites we dug up might well be the most intact relics of his passing army.” [54], Hasdrubal led the Spanish and Gallic cavalry on the left (south near the river Aufidus) of the Carthaginian army. As Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in World War II, wrote, "Every ground commander seeks the battle of annihilation; so far as conditions permit, he tries to duplicate in modern war the classic example of Cannae". Dagli antichi maestri all’arte moderna per soggiorno, studio e cucina. [19], In the spring of 216 BC Hannibal took the initiative and seized the large supply depot at Cannae, in the Apulian plain, placing himself between the Romans and their crucial source of supply. Despite the extreme loss of men and equipment, and a second massive defeat later that same year at Silva Litana, the Romans refused to surrender to Hannibal. [77] Although Livy does not cite his source by name, it is likely to have been Quintus Fabius Pictor, a Roman historian who fought in and wrote on the Second Punic War. Alcuni contenuti che appaiono su questo sito web sono forniti da AMAZON SERVICES LLC. They may have carried a small shield or simple leather pelt on their arms, but this is uncertain. [101], There are three main accounts of the battle, none of them contemporary. Their best armies in the peninsula were destroyed, the few remnants severely demoralized, and the only remaining consul (Varro) completely discredited. Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Hannibal, Hannibal - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hannibal - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). This left them vulnerable to Hannibal's tactic of double envelopment since their inability to maneuver independently from the mass of the army made it impossible for them to counter the strategic encirclement used by the Carthaginian cavalry. But Hannibal caught a herd of cattle, tied lighted torches to [14] Perceiving the Carthaginian army as a real threat, for the first time ever the Senate introduced eight legions, each consisting of 5,000 foot soldiers and 300 cavalry, with allied troops numbering the same amount of foot soldiers but 900 cavalry per legion—more than triple the legion numbers. [39] He placed his Iberians, Celtiberians and Gauls in the middle, alternating the ethnic composition between Spaniards and Gauls across the front line, with himself at the front and center alongside his brother Mago. Hannibal understood that the Romans fought their battles like this, and he took his outnumbered army and strategically placed them around the enemy to win a tactical victory. [66] As the Roman heavy infantry attacked, Hannibal stood with his men in the weak center and held them together in a controlled retreat. [93] Hannibal's conduct after the victories at Trasimene (217 BC) and Cannae, and the fact that he first attacked Rome only five years later, in 211 BC, suggests that his strategic aim was not the destruction of his foe but to dishearten the Romans by carnage on the battlefield and to wear them down to a moderate peace agreement by stripping them of their allies. [18] However, his low origins seem to be exaggerated in the sources, and Varro may have been made a scapegoat by the aristocratic establishment. Therefore, when Fabius came to the end of his term, the Senate did not renew his dictatorial powers and command was given to consuls Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and Marcus Atilius Regulus. The films tagline was "Jump on! was at the River Trebia, where the Carthaginians warmed themselves at fires Finally, Hannibal had an auxiliary skirmisher contingent consisting of 1,000-2,000 Balearic slingers and 6,000 mixed-nationality javelinmen, possibly including Lusitanians among them too. various delays which had forced him to cross the Alps as winter was approaching,

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