Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. Quenching of quercetin quinone/quinone methides by different thiolate scavengers: stability and reversibility of conjugate formation. Leibovitz B, Siegel BV. Bioorg Med Chem. Ono K, Nakane H, Fukushima M, Chermann JC, Barré-Sinoussi F. Differential inhibitory effects of various flavonoids on the activities of reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA and RNA polymerases. Articles, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Jinan University, China, National University of Singapore, Singapore. The poliovirus-induced shut-off of cellular protein synthesis persists in the presence of 3-methylquercetin, a flavonoid which blocks viral protein and RNA synthesis. Moalin M, van Strijdonck GPF, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. Guo Y, Bruno RS. doi: 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00358-1. Winkel-Shirley B, Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Li BW, Zhang FH, Serrao E, Chen H, Sanchez TW, Yang LM, et al. VNR = Valori Nutritivi di Riferimento. (1954) 21:177. doi: 10.1007/BF02886384, 66. Si tratta di un pigmento vegetale presente in una grandissima varietà di frutta, verdura, semi e cereali. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.070, 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15597.x, 77. Despite unaltered HCV titer, the production of infectious particles was decreased, interestingly more by quercetin treatment than by HSP knockdown, displaying a dose-dependent relationship: at 0.5 μM quercetin reduced viral production by 29%, at 5 μM by 90%, and at 50 μM by nearly 100% (84). doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7245, 83. Agents such as vitamin C also have well-characterized beneficial effects apart from the antiviral properties we have highlighted here. Yi L, Li Z, Yuan K, Qu X, Chen J, Wang G, et al. Vitamin C for the treatment of sepsis: the scientific rationale. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890150110, 40. Vitamina C, Vitamina D e Zinco. BioMed Res Int. Safety-assessment of 3-methoxyquercetin as an antirhinoviral compound for nasal application: effect on ciliary beat frequency. Ann Dermatol. This effect was not dependent on a sustained ASC-2P presence but was abolished if the ASC2-P was added after the virus infection, indicating an immunomodulatory effect, rather than directly antiviral. After exerting its scavenging properties, quercetin is oxidized into its reactive products o-semiquinone and o-quinone/quinone methide (QQ). doi: 10.1042/bj0840478, 53. (2015) 23:5402–9. Liu S, Wu S, Jiang S. HIV entry inhibitors targeting gp41: from polypeptides to small-molecule compounds. Of these patients, 4 underwent a vitamin C on-off study which demonstrated a “positive dose response relationship with neurological symptoms.” A separate prospective trial into a diverse number of therapies indicated that vitamin C improved motor disability grades in HAM/TSP in 20% of patients (93). ), vitamina C (acido L-ascorbico) con microsfere a rilascio graduale, stabilizzante (sorbitolo), agente di carica (calcio fosfato bibasico), antiagglomerante (magnesio stearato vegetale), antiagglomerante (biossido di silicio), agenti di … Biochem J. 30 compresse orosolubili Quantità netta: 30 g. Modalità d’uso. Table 1. 135. (2014) 559:62–7. Antiviral effect of flavonoids on human viruses. Li Y, Yao J, Han C, Yang J, Chaudhry MT, Wang S, et al. Nair MP, Kandaswami C, Mahajan S, Chadha KC, Chawda R, NairandSchwartz SAH. Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. The safety of quercetin-based oral supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. The Jak-STAT pathway stimulated by interferon gamma. Lancet. 59. If ascorbate or glutathione levels are reduced, QQ can bind protein thiols producing transient toxic compounds. Science. This process of both anti- and pro-oxidant effects has been named the “quercetin paradox” (119). doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318076b566, 45. Bors W, Michel C, Schikora S. Interaction of flavonoids with ascorbate and determination of their univalent redox potentials: a pulse radiolysis study. Immunol. Marik PE. Boots AW, Li H, Schins RP, Duffin R, Heemskerk JW, Bast A, et al. Interestingly, Harakeh et al. 11:1451. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451. Science. (2007) 45:2179–205. doi: 10.2174/138161207779313722, 67. Quercetin pharmacokinetics in humans. Quercetin's influence on exercise-induced changes in plasma cytokines and muscle and leukocyte cytokine mRNA. (1995) 33:1061–80. Quercetin has been investigated in vitro as an antiviral agent for HIV due to its ability to inhibit crucial enzymes: reverse transcriptase (RT), integrase (IN), and protease (PR) (80). Finally, eriodyctiol is hydroxylated and converted to quercetin (Figure 1) using flavanol synthase (17). (2010) 11:131. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-131, 72. (2003) 52:194–8. Bioorg Med Chem. Quercetin reduces illness but not immune perturbations after intensive exercise. O estudo da terapia quádrupla com zinco, quercetina, bromelaína e vitamina C nos resultados clínicos de pacientes infectados com COVID-19 Patrocinadores: Patrocinador Principal: Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia Fonte: Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia Sumário breve: (2017) 6:85–90. Improvement of leukocyte functions in prematurely aging mice after five weeks of diet supplementation with polyphenol-rich cereals. A review of the genetic effects of naturally occurring flavonoids, anthraquinones and related compounds. (2015) 26:201–10. Una nutrizione equilibrata e arricchita selettivamente è una delle migliori armi delle quali disponiamo per proteggere la salute. Dimova S, Mugabowindekwe R, Willems T, Brewster ME, Noppe M, Ludwig A, et al. Clin Chim Acta. In vitro, quercetin pre-treatment (10 μM) inhibited Rhinovirus (RV) virulence, entry, and replication into BEAS-2B cells via multiple mechanisms: it impeded RV endocytosis though misdirecting EEA1 localization -an early endosomal marker- and inhibiting AKT phosphorylation with subsequent 3-fold viral load reduction at 24 h, lowering negative-strand RNA and modulating interferon (IFN) and IL-8 expression (70). La quercetina, svolge anche un’azione di rinforzo verso gli effetti della vitamina C. Le due sostanze, quando agiscono insieme, sono molto efficaci nei processi infiammatori e contengono l’opera dei mastociti. In this scenario, ascorbate may exert antioxidant and immunoprotective effects, quercetin and its metabolites exert a concurrent antiviral response and, if quercetin-oxidized compounds are formed, they can be partially recycled by ascorbate and transported by glutathione, thus preventing their possible toxicity. Dietary supplements differ, but often contain the free form of quercetin—quercetin aglycone—under the FDA national drug code numbers 65448-3085, 65448-3005 (21). Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, Yang Y, Li J, Yuan J, et al. Ganesan S, Faris AN, Comstock AT, Chattoraj SS, Chattoraj A, Burgess JR, et al. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02754-0, 119. Peroxidase-catalyzed formation of quercetin quinone methide-glutathione adducts. Inhibitory activity of flavonoids and tannins against HIV-1 protease. Antiviral Res. (1990) 108:609–13. Categorie in primo piano. gratuita Hepatology. (1992) 12:3490–8. Identification of o-quinone/quinone methide metabolites of quercetin in a cellular in vitro system. (2007) 103:1728–35. Furuya A, Uozaki M, Yamasaki H, Arakawa T, Arita Koyama MAH. doi: 10.4110/in.2013.13.2.70, 91. Quercetin further inhibits SARS 3CL protease by binding to its GLN189 site (102), which is expressed similarly by SARS-COV-2 (105) and provides a direct mechanistic rationale for its experimental clinical use—in addition to its immunoenhancing and anti-inflammatory actions. Kataoka A, Imai H, Inayoshi S, Tsuda T. Intermittent high-dose vitamin C therapy in patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. The flavonoid, quercetin, differentially regulates Th-1 (IFNgamma) and Th-2 (IL4) cytokine gene expression by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Hah YS, Chung HJ, Sontakke SB, Chung I-Y, Ju S. Ascorbic acid concentrations in aqueous humor after systemic vitamin C supplementation in patients with cataract: pilot study. Virol J. Xu HX, Wan M, Dong H, But PP, Foo LY. doi: 10.1007/s12291-010-0034-x, 26. Vitamin C administration (i.v. (2020) 1–14. Gonzalez MJ, Berdiel MJ, Duconge J, Levy T, Alfaro I, Morales R, et al. Cell Biol Int. 111. Quercetin prevents progression of disease in elastase/LPS-exposed mice by negatively regulating MMP expression. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.007, 69. In vivo studies indicate that mice inoculated with meningoencephalitis virus are protected from lethal infection by quercetin (30 or 40 mg/Kg BID, po, for 4 days) in a dose dependent manner (42). There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. PER LA SALUTE: Quercetina 250mg di Fair & Pure è disponibile nella versione ridotta e bioattiva. Mice on an ad libitum diet containing vitamin C increased induction of interferon (62–145%) depending on the viral titer of inoculation (95), and L-ascorbate added to stimulated mouse cell lines increases interferon synthesis (96). J. Suppression of hepatitis C virus by the flavonoid quercetin is mediated by inhibition of NS3 protease activity. In: Bao Y and Fenwick R editors. (1985) 15:71–9. Reduced levels of ascorbate have been found in patients with viral infections (47), sepsis (48), sepsis-related ARDS (49), and other critical illness (50). (1999) 274:32655–61. Gulo (–/–) showed a reduction in IFN-α/β while displaying higher levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, and IL-1B. (2007) 27:1003–11. Quercetin acts as a free radical scavenger, donating two electrons via o-quinone/quinone methide (23); both in vitro and in vivo (24, 25) studies implicate quercetin as a potent antioxidant. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Roubalová L, Purchartová K, Papoušková B, Vacek J, Kren V, Ulrichová J, et al. JAMA. doi: 10.1007/BF01315089. High dose intravenous vitamin C and influenza: a case report. (2012) 132:931–5. 58. Kim GN, Yoo WS, Park MH, Chung JK, Han YS, Chung IY, et al. (2006) 136:2611–16. Quercetin has been investigated for its possible antiviral effect on several members of the Coronaviridae family and, as mentioned by Ling Yi and colleagues, “quercetin offers great promise as a potential drug in the clinical treatment of SARS” (98). 1 compressa al giorno Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Deng L, et al. Food Funct. La vitamina C è contenuta negli agrumi, nei frutti di bosco, nei kiwi, mango, broccoli, vegetali a foglia verde, peperoni e pomodori. doi: 10.1007/BF01941188, 13. Ann N Y Acad Sci. The only human study of vitamin C has been in USSR soldiers with severe viral infection indicated vitamin C supplementation (300 mg/day) protected from influenza-associated pneumonia and was associated with shorter hospital stays (58). Edulcorante: mannitolo, addensante: amido di mais; Esperidina da agrumi; Quercetina; edulcorante: isomalto; Vitamina C (acido L- ascorbico); edulcorante: xilitolo; aroma; acidificante: acido citrico; stabilizzante: idrossipropilcellulosa; agenti antiagglomeranti: biossido di silicio, sali di magnesio degli acidi grassi; edulcoranti: sucralosio, glicosidi steviolici, neoesperidina In vivo protective effects of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue. Free Radic Biol Med. Ed ora, vediamo la lista degli alimenti che sono ricchi di quercetina, oltre ad una buona integrazione, possiamo infatti assumere questo antiossidante direttamente da fonti alimentari. I flavonoidi sono antiossidanti e aiutano a  rallentare i processi degenerativi da invecchiamento cellulare. The antiviral properties of vitamin C. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. p. 50. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002. Flavonoid compounds, such as quercetin, were initially studied for their biological activity in affecting capillary wall resistance (19) and continue to be investigated for their effects on vascular tension (20). Enhanced interferon response to murine leukemia virus by ascorbic acid. Rabies vaccination, when supplemented with 2 g oral vitamin C for each of the 3 injections provoked, at 24 h, increased serum IFN-α levels, indicating that “vitamin C is an effective stimulator of interferon production” (94). Pubblicheremo le recensioni rilasciate dai clienti che hanno acquistato il prodotto. Front. J Antimicrob Chemother. Despite the limitations of in vitro research, it is noteworthy that the few in vivo models reviewed here indicate increased survival from lethal viral infection when treated with quercetin (42, 64). (2020) doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007764, 133. Debiaggi M, Tateo F, Pagani L, Luini M, Romero E. Effects of propolis flavonoids on virus infectivity and replication. J Biochem. (1998) 53:375–84. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32655, 37. (1962) 84:478–83. 24. (2012) 17:637–41. (1999) 128:999–1010. (2017) 21:300. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y, 51. Athletes supplemented with quercetin are protected from stress-induced susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infection (44)—which was not related to immunomodulation (45, 46). Quercetin significantly reduces HIV viral replication (81) and, when added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNc) infected with HIV and compared to HIV infected controls, quercetin reduced the levels of p24, Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) gene expression, and viral infectivity together with an inhibition of TNF-α and upregulation of IL-13 (11). (1995) 19:45–52. Rogerio AP, Kanashiro A, Fontanari C, da Silva EV, Lucisano-Valim YM, Soares EG, et al. doi: 10.1089/jir.2007.0050, 47. Áy É, Hunyadi A, Mezei M, Minárovits J, Hohmann J. Flavonol 7-O-glucoside herbacitrin inhibits HIV-1 replication through simultaneous integrase and reverse transcriptase inhibition. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. Arch Biochem Biophys. The excellent side effect profile of these agents would also suggest that they may complement interventions which have displayed potential benefits in treating Covid-19, such as Remdesivir (132) and convalescent plasma (133, 134), which we believe warrants their experimental use in clinical trials. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.64, 4. (2020) 368:409–12. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.03.003, 128. doi: 10.3390/v5010352, 68. (2017) 17:121. doi: 10.1186/s12886-017-0515-2. (2005) 338:923–9. A multi-drug approach with quercetin and vitamin C may disrupt virus entry, replication, enzyme activity and assembly, and concurrently fortify the immune response promoting early IFNs production, modulating interleukins, promoting T cell maturation, and phagocytic activity. Erden Inal M, Kahraman A. doi: 10.1126/stke.2602004tr8, 98. Cell entry is a crucial step during viral infection and has been studied as a potential target of antiviral treatments (66–68). Quercetin also targets viral polymerases and may disrupt replication via the inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzymes. Adv Exp Med Biol. Vitamin C exerts its antiviral properties by supporting lymphocyte activity, increasing interferon-α production, modulating cytokines, reducing inflammation, improving endothelial dysfunction, and restoring mitochondrial function (4–6). Quercetin (also known as 3,3′,4′5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed plant flavonoid, found in several vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains, where it is conjugated with residual sugars to form quercetin glycosides (8). Immunol., 19 June 2020 In this scenario, Vitamin C and quercetin co-administration may represent a safe, effective, and inexpensive antiviral and immunomodulative approach for both the prophylaxis of high-risk populations and the treatment of both mild and severe cases. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0131, 61. J Agric Food Chem. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. (2007) 56:402–8. Itsuka H, Ohsawa C, Ohiwa T, Umeda I, Suhara Y. Antipicornavirus flavone Ro 09-0179. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123251, 76. QUERCETINA + VITAMINA C L’associazione con la vitamina C sembrerebbe aumentare la biodisponibilità della Quercetina, interrompendo l’ingresso, la replicazione e l’attività enzimatica del virus e allo stesso tempo sostenendo e rinforzando la risposta immunitaria. (2008) 585:325–37. Crit Care. These compounds can be recycled by antioxidants like ascorbate or NADH or removed by glutathione. (1995) 235:207–19. Crit Care. Flavonoids inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins. QUERCETINA E VITAMINA C: UNA TERAPIA SPERIMENTALE E SINERGICA PER LA PREVENZIONE E IL TRATTAMENTO DELLA MALATTIA CORRELATA ALLA SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli1,2,3*,Max Berrill4,John D. Catravas1,2,5 and Paul E. Marik 1 J Thorac Dis. Free Radic Biol Med. (2000) 351(Pt. I preparati misti, ad esempio con vitamina C, resveratrolo, curcumina o estratto di tè verde, sembrano avere una maggiore efficacia (effetto sinergico). (2019) 322:1261–70. (2005) 68:124–34. (2013) 13:70–74. Chen L, Li J, Luo C, Liu H, Xu W, Chen G, et al. QUERCETINA + VITAMINA C. Una fonte naturale concentrata, in cui 1 capsula al giorno fornisce quercetina come grandi quantità di cipolle. La sua, è un’opera di costante pulizia che aiuta a spegnere anche i processi infiammatori. Robaszkiewicz A, Balcerczyk A, Bartosz G. Antioxidative and prooxidative effects of quercetin on A549 cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. (2018) 22:23. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-1950-z, 49. (2014) 194:200–10. Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type-2. Vitamin C deficiency increases the lung pathology of influenza virus-infected gulo-/- mice. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. J Toxicol Environ Health A. Quercetin stimulates T-helper cells to produce (Th-1)-derived Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) and downregulates Th2-derived IL-4 when added to cultured blood peripheral mononuclear cells (11). doi: 10.1039/C0FO00106F, 129. Veckenstedt A, Béládi I, Mucsi I. Questi elementi presenti nell'integratore immunostimolante hanno proprietà antiossidanti, prevenendo l'invecchiamento cellulare. (2012) 19:e81–8. Quercetin ingestion does not alter cytokine changes in athletes competing in the Western States Endurance Run. Dey S, Bishayi B. Esperidina, Quercetina, Vitamina C, con edulcoranti. 5 g/day twice/week) in patients with herpes zoster exhibited a lower incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (31.1% vs. 57.1%) and at study end (week 16) there was a lower pain score in the treatment group (0.64+/−0.9 vs. 1.98 +/−0.7) (59). Assumere 1 compressa orosolubile al giorno sciogliendola in bocca. Harakeh S, Jariwalla RJ, Pauling L. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by ascorbate in chronically and acutely infected cells. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, Mehta AK, Zingman BS, Kalil AC, et al. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9200-6_1, 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.10.3319-3321.1987, 80. Further studies are needed to examine and discuss the possible administration of quercetin for prolonged periods of time (>1 year). SARS-Cov-2 protease 3CL maintains the same Gln189 site (105) of SARS-Cov 3CLpro, which previously was identified as the binding site for the hydroxyl groups of quercetin and its derivates (102). Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Quercetin spontaneously oxidizes to form O-semiquinone and O-quinone/quinone methide (QQ), which can bind protein thiols forming toxic compounds (118). Safe, cheap interventions which have a sound biological rationale should be prioritized for experimental use in the current context of a global health pandemic. Gábor M. Szent-Györgyi and the bioflavonoids: new results and perspectives of pharmacological research into benzo-pyrone derivatives. There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. Morikawa K, Nonaka M, Narahara M, Torii I, Kawaguchi K, Yoshikawa T, et al. Vitamin C: an essential “stress hormone” during sepsis. There are also suggestions that vitamin C may be directly viricidal (7). 43. Copyright © 2020 Colunga Biancatelli, Berrill, Catravas and Marik. (2000) 23:1072–6. (1988) 44:882–5. Arch Biochem Biophys. Uchide N, Toyoda H. Antioxidant therapy as a potential approach to severe influenza-associated complications. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8, 105. Quercetin reduces susceptibility to influenza infection following stressful exercise. (2018) 62:1700447. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447, 22. Khoo NK, White CR, Pozzo-Miller L, Zhou F, Constance C, InoueandParks DAT. Pace-Asciak CR, Hahn S, Diamandis EP, Soleas G, Goldberg DM. It is serendipitous (or perhaps indicative of hard work) that the Nobel prize winner Szent-Gyorgyi discovered both ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and the flavonoid quercetin (at the time labeled vitamin P) (1). Vrijsen R, Everaert L, Boeyé A. Antiviral activity of flavones and potentiation by ascorbate. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1718, 114. It inhibits the cytopathic effects provoked by many serotypes of rhinovirus, echovirus (type 7, 11, 12, and 19), coxsackievirus (A21 and B1), and poliovirus (type 1 Sabin) at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml in Hela or WI-38 cells (38). (1967) 22:2413–18. Patients with acute Epstein-Barr infection (EBV) treated with high doses of intravenous vitamin C (7.5–50 g) displayed lower EBV-IgG (levels, while EBV VCA IgM antibody levels were negatively correlated to increasing plasma ascorbate concentration (91). doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg291, 75. Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Ross R, Frydas I, et al. Bioorg Med Chem. La quercetina è un noto flavonoide le cui proprietà antivirali sono state studiate in numerosi studi. Quercetin displays a broad range of antiviral properties which can interfere at multiple steps of pathogen virulence -virus entry, virus replication, protein assembly- and that these therapeutic effects can be augmented by the co-administration of vitamin C. Furthermore, due to their lack of severe side effects and low-costs, we strongly suggest the combined administration of these two compounds for both the prophylaxis and the early treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially including COVID-19 patients. Questo modulo raccoglie il tuo nome, email e contenuto in modo che possiamo tenere traccia dei commenti inseriti sul sito web. Quercetin has been studied in various types and models of viral infection due to its promising antiviral effects in inhibiting polymerases (12), proteases (13), reverse transcriptase (14), suppressing DNA gyrase, and binding viral capsid proteins (15, 16). This in turn is converted to naringenin and to eriodyctiol through flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase. Alvarez P, Alvarado C, Puerto M, Schlumberger A, Jiménez L, De la Fuente M., et al. doi: 10.3410/f.737592020.793572879, 106. (2006) 35:602–10. Enhancement of interferon production by poly(rI)-poly(rC) in mouse cell cultures by ascorbic acid. 17. (1990) 15:393–401. Am J Dig Dis. JCI Insight. Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) and endothelial cells (EC) pretreated with 2-phospho-ascorbate (ASC-2P) resisted CMV infection; they displayed a reduction in immediate and late antigens and viral yield was inhibited 50–100-fold in ECs and 100–1,000-fold in HFF (89). Food Chem. Sulfation modulates the cell uptake, antiradical activity and biological effects of flavonoids in vitro: an examination of quercetin, isoquercitrin and taxifolin. (1999) 54:960–3. J Nutr Biochem. Quercetin inhibits rhinovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. (2008) 29:205–17. Inflamm Res. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v6.i1.85, 64. Arch Virol. When Gulo (–/–) mice received supplemental Vitamin C, these cytokine expression profiles were lost. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.10.2611, 56. Kim Y, Kim H, Bae S, Choi J, Lim SY, Lee N, et al. In caso di carenza di Vitamina C, la pelle diventa ruvida, secca, squamosa. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. (1995) 27:405–18. Research into the potential prophylactic administration of vitamin C and quercetin in high-risk groups is therefore warranted. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb00131.x, 52. Phytochemicals in Health and Disease. La forma liposomiale ne aumenta l’assorbimento e quindi la biodisponibilità. Boots AW, Balk JM, Bast A, Haenen GR. Awad HM, Boersma MG, Boeren S, van der Woude H, van Zanden J, van Bladeren PJ, et al. is necessary, and have identified quercetin derivates, which display variable Tmax, as responsible for a cooperative antiviral activity (126–128). (2005) 26:343–56. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease catalytic activity was directly inhibited by quercetin treatment in a dose dependent manner (95% NS3 inhibition at 1.25 mg/ml); in this study quercetin blocked virus RNA production and impeded virus replication by 70% at 72 h without affecting cell viability (13).
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